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İstanbul Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları A.D., İstanbul, Prof. Dr. The surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy has began about 40 years ago with the clinical use of pars plana vitrectomy by Robert Machemer. Improvment of technical equipmant and treatment modalities has widen the indications, ease the surgical treatment and lower the complication rates. In the current surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy vitrectoms with high cutting rates, wide angel visual systems, chandelier light sources and bimanual surgical techniques are used. The number of surgeons using the transconjonctival techniques are improving every day. Keywords : Diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, surgical treatment, pars plana vitrectomy