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Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Konya/TURKEY Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is an important, sight threatening complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). After 15-20 years of DM, PDR affects about 50% of patients with type 1 DM, 5-10% of patients with noninsulin-dependent type 2 DM and 30% of patients with insulin-dependent type 2 DM. Although the exact pathogenesis of the PDR remains unclear, there are some complex mechanisms interacting with each other and forming a vicious cycle. Therefore, multifactorial approach is needed for the prevention of the development of PDR in cases with DM. Also, a better understanding of the pathogenesis of PDR will enable the development of new agents for its prevention and treatment. Keywords : Diabetes mellitus, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; pathogenesis