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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has no significant and direct contribution in the diagnosis and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DRP). However, it is very valuable for imaging of detection of vitreomacular interface abnormalities and integrity of outer retinal layers that has visual prognosis in eyes with diabetic retinopathy. The most useful situation in the use of OCT in eyes with DRP is diabetic macular edema (DME). Optical coherence tomography is original imaging method that is effective in diagnostic evaluation of DME and becomes standard imaging tool in diagnosis of DME. Objective and reliable measurement of retinal thickness and visualization of vitreoretinal microstructural status as in vivo may be the most important contribution of OCT. Different classifications of DME by OCT evaluation have been proposed. Diabetic macular edema can be classified according to retinal thickness, retinal morphology, retinal topography, macular traction and integrity of outer retinal layers after the evaluation by OKT. Subclinical DME, isolated focal DME or clinically significant macular edema can easily be recognized and documented by OCT evaluation. Whether the DME involve the foveal center can also be readily realized by OCT. Early diagnosis of DME, precise detection of different morphologic patterns and macular traction by OCT enables the detailed evaluation of DME to guides the treatment approach and prognosis. Evaluation of vitreoretinal interface by OCT in eyes with proliferative or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy is also helpful for the treatment approach. Keywords : Diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, optical coherence tomography