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Başkent Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Ankara Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the major cause of visuel impairment and blindness in prematu re neonates. ROP is a complex multifactorial diesease with microvascular dejeneration at diff erent stages followed by neovascularisation and some cases resulting in retinal detachment. Current standart ablative therapy, like laser photocaogulation for proliferative ROP have limitations and patients can stil have long-term complications despite successful treatment. Based on knowledge on ROP patophysiology new treatment modalities are developing. Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy has been proven to be more eff ective in terms of lowering recurrence, rates allowing growth of the peripheral retina, and diminishing the incidence of retinal detachment when proliferative ROP was diagnosed, more particularly in Zon-I- ROP and AP-ROP. Whether anti-VEGF plus laser are better options than any of these therapies separately remains a subject of discussion. First results of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy using anti-VEGF are promising. The importance of fl uorescein angiography in long term-follow up after intravitreal anti-VEGF injection has be clarified. All eff ors should be investigated in developing new therapy modalities including management algorith in current ROP treatment. Keywords : ROP, laserphotocoagulation, anti-VEGF