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Beyoğlu Göz Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, İstanbul, Dr. Surgical management of acute posterior segment traumas is still debatable. Preoperative detailed history obtaining and ophthalmologic examination is extremely vital. Prognosis can be estimated upon proper grading of trauma. Possible existence of intraocular foreign body should be kept in mind, and radiologic and ultrasonographic tests should be conducted. Risk of endophthalmitis is not uncommon in such cases. Primary reparation of the glob should be carried out as soon as possible. Delayed interventions (i.e. after 24 hours) are more probably associated with intraocular infections. Indications of vitreoretinal surgery should be assessed. Infection in the short term and cellular proliferation and fibrosis in the long term are main problems in eyes with posterior segment traumas. Timing of vitreoretinal surgery is not clearly determined. Vitreoretinal surgery may be applied during initial primary repair. In this case, risk of endophthalmitis is minimal, but visualization of the fundus has some difficulties. Alternatively, patient may undergo vitreoretinal surgery after 10 to 14 days after primary globe repair. In this case, visualization of fundus is much satisfactory as primary healing process takes place, and posterior vitreous detachment allows easier removal of vitreous during surgery. Placement of prophylactic circumferential buckle may be useful in such cases. Intravitreal injection of steroids or anti-VEGF agents may have some impact. Keywords : Ocular trauma, vitreoretinal surgery, perforating injury