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Selçuk Üniversitesi Meram Tıp Fakültesi, Göz Hastalıkları A.D., Konya, Yrd. Doç. Dr. There is an increasing interest in the concept of using enzymes to induce vitreoretinal separation and modulate the structure of the vitreous as an aid to, or replacement for, mechanical vitrectomy. In order to understand how these enzymes work and develop new and better therapeutics, knowledge of vitreous structure at a molecular level is key. As incomplete posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and attached vitreous cortex are associated with the progression of common retinal diseases, induction of complete PVD is a major issue both in vitreoretinal surgery and in medical retina. This chapter focuses on vitreus biochemistry, molecular organization and current concepts of pharmacologic vitreolysis. Keywords : Pharmacologic vitreolysis, posterior vitreus detachment