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¹MD, University of Health Sciences, Sultan Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Türkiye
²Assoc. Prof., University of Health Sciences, Sultan Abdülhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Türkiye DOI : 10.37845/ret.vit.2023.32.48 Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a common retinal disease characterized by cellular proliferation and metaplasia that lead to the formation of a pathological fibrocellular membrane immediately superjacent to the inner retinal surface. The prevalence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) is 7% to 11.8%, with increasing age being the most important risk factor. Although most ERM is idiopathic, common secondary causes include cataract surgery, retinal vascular disease, uveitis, and retinal tears. The myofibroblastic pre-retinal cells are thought to transdifferentiate from glial and retinal pigment epithelial cells that reach the retinal surface via defects in the internal limiting membrane (ILM) or from the vitreous cavity. Grading schemes have evolved from clinical signs to ocular coherence tomography (OCT) based classification with associated features such as the cotton ball sign. Features predictive of better prognosis include the absence of ectopic inner foveal layers, cystoid macular edema, acquired vitelliform lesions, ellipsoid zone, and cone outer segment termination defects. OCT angiography shows the reduced size of the foveal avascular zone. Vitrectomy with membrane peeling remains the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic ERMs. Additional ILM peeling reduces recurrence but is associated with anatomical changes including inner retinal dimpling Keywords : Epiretinal membrane, Ectopic inner foveal layers, Pars plana vitrectomy, Internal limiting membrane